给学校的信，1980年2月15日 - 奖励和惩罚
基于奖惩的活动会导致冲突all these letters we have been constantly pointing out that co-operation between the educator and the student is the responsibility of both. The word co-operation implies working together, but we cannot work together if we are not looking in the same direction with the same eyes and the same mind. The word same, as we are using it, under no circumstances implies uniformity, conformity or accepting, obeying, imitating. In co-operation with each other, working together, the student and the teacher must have a relationship which is essentially based on affection. Most people co-operate if they are building, if they are playing games, or are involved in scientific research, or if they are working together for an ideal,a belief or for some concept which is carried out for some personal or collective benefit; or they co-operate around an authority, religious or political.
在所有这些信中，我们一直都在指出，教育者和学生之间的合作是他们双方的责任。合作这个词意味着一同工作，但是如果我们不能将相同的眼睛和心灵投向相同的方向，我们就不能一同工作。相同这个词，正如我们正在使用的，决不意味着没有差别、符合，或者接受、服从、模仿。在互相合作、一同工作当中，学生和教师需要一种本质上基于友爱的关系。在建造房屋的时候，玩游戏的时候，投身于科学研究的时候，或者为了理想、信仰或某种个人或集体利益而共同工作的时候，大多数人才会进行合作。或者他们会围绕一个宗教或政治权威来合作。
To study, learn, and act, co-operation is necessary between the teacher and the student. Both are involved in these. The educator may know many subjects and facts.In conveying them to the student,if there is not the quality of affection, it becomes a struggle between the two. But we are not only concerned with worldly knowledge but also with the study of oneself in which there is learning and action. Both the educator and the student are involved in this and here authority ceases. To learn about oneself the educator is not only concerned with himself but with the student. In this interaction with its reactions one begins to see the nature of oneself - the thoughts, the desires, the attachments,the identifications and so on.Each is acting as a mirror to the other; each is observing in the mirror exactly what he is because,as we pointed out earlier, the psychological understanding of oneself is far more important than the gathering of facts and storing them up as knowledge for skill in action. The inner always overcomes the outer. This must be clearly understood both by the educator and by the student. The outer has not changed man; the outer activities, physical revolution, physical control of the environment have not deeply changed the human being, his prejudices and superstitions; deeply human beings remain as they have been for millions of years.
Right education is to transform this basic condition. When this is really grasped by the educator, though he may have subjects to teach, his main concern must be with the radical revolution in the psyche, in the you and the me.
为了学习、了解和行动，教师和学生之间的合作是必要的。双方都参与其中。教育者或许懂得很多学科和事实，但是如果没有友爱的品质，向学生传达这些东西的过程就成了他们之间的斗争。我们不仅关心关于世界的知识，也关心对自身的认识，包括学习和行动。教育者和学生双方都投入其中，所以这里面没有权威。要了解自己，教育者既要关心自己也要关心学生。在这种相互合作以及对它的反应中，你开始看到自己的本性，那些思想，欲望，执着，认同等等。每个人都作为对方的镜子在起作用，每个人都在镜子中密切观察自己。因为正如我们早就指出过的，相对于收集事实，把它们以知识的形式储存起来以作为行动的技巧，心理上的自我了解要重要得多。内在总是战胜外在。这一点必须被教育者和学生清楚地理解。外在没有改变人类，外在的活动——现实中的革命，对环境的控制——并没有深刻地改变人类，改变他的偏见与迷信。在内心深处，人类依旧持续几千年以来的样子。正确的教育就是要转变这个基本的状况。当教育者真正领会了这一点，尽管他还要教授一些课程，他主要关注的一定会是“你”和“我”内在灵魂的彻底革命。
And here comes the importance of co-operation between the two who are studying, learning and acting together. It is not the spirit of a team, or the spirit of a family, or the identification with a group or nation. It is free enquiry into ourselves without the barrier of the one who knows and the one who doesn't This is the most destructive barrier, especially in matters of self-knowing. There is no leader and no led in this matter. When this is fully grasped and with affection - then communication between the student and the teacher becomes easy, clear and not merely at a verbal level. Affection carries no pressure, it is never devious. It is direct and simple.
这就涉及到正在学习、了解并行动的双方，他们之间合作的重要性了。它不是团队精神，或家族精神，或认同于一个团体或国家。它是对我们内心的自由探索，而没有知道者和不知道者之间的障碍，那是最具毁灭性的障碍，特别是在自知这件事情上。在这件事上既没有领导者也没有被领导者。当这一点被充满友爱地完全理解，学生和教师之间的交流就会变得容易、清晰，而不仅是语言层面上的。友爱不包含强迫，它从来都不是晦涩的，它是直接和简单的。
Having said all this, and if both of you have studied what has been said, what is the quality of your mind and heart? Is there a change which is not induced by influence or by mere stimulation which may give an illusory change? Stimulation is like a drug; it wears off and you are back where you were. Any form of pressure or influence also acts in the same way. If you act under these circumstances you are not actually studying and learning about yourself. Action based on reward and punishment, influence or pressure, inevitably brings about conflict. This is so. But few people see the truth of this and so they give up or say it is impossible in a practical world or that it is idealistic - some utopian concept. But it is not. It is eminently practical and workable. So do not be put off by the traditionalists, the conservatives, or those who cling to the illusion that change can only come from without.
说过了所有这些，如果你们双方都在学习，你们的头脑和内心的品质是怎样的呢？有没有一种改变，不是因为被影响，或仅仅因为受到刺激——那可能会带给你一种改变的假象——而引起的改变？ 刺激就像毒品，它将逐渐消失，而你会回到原来的地方。任何形式的压力或影响都以同样的方式起作用。如果你在这些情况下行动，你就不是真的在学习和认识自己。基于奖励、惩罚、影响或压力的行动必然会带来冲突。事实就是如此，但是很少有人会看到这个事实，他们或者放弃，或者说在一个现实的世界上它是不可能的，它是理想化的，某种乌托邦的观念。但它不是，它是非常实际和可行的。所以不要被传统、保守的人或那些坚信“改变只能从外部到来”这个错误观念的人阻碍。
When you study and learn about yourself, there comes an extraordinary strength, based on clarity, which can withstand all the nonsense of the establishment. This strength is not a form of resistance or self-centred obstinacy or will, but is a diligent observation of the outer and the inner. It is the strength of affection and intelligence.
在你学习和了解自己的时候，会产生一种建立在明晰之上的不同寻常的力量，它能够抵挡一切当权者的胡言。这种力量不是一种抵抗，或自我中心的固执或意志，而是一种对外在和内在的勤奋的观察。它是友爱和智慧的力量。
绿草园翻译工作室
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