给学校的信，1980年3月1日 - 交流
交流就是相互学习You come to these schools with your own background - be it traditional or free - with discipline or without discipline, obeying or reluctant and disobeying, in revolt or conforming. Your parents are either negligent or very diligent about you; some may feel very responsible, others may not. You come with all this trouble,with broken families, uncertain or assertive,wanting your way or shyly acquiescing but inwardly rebelling.
你来到这些学校里，带着自己传统的或自由的背景，有纪律或无纪律，服从或犹豫或不服从，反抗或顺应。你的父母对你或严格或放任。一些人或许感到责任重大，另一些人或许没有感觉。你来到这里，带着所有这些麻烦，你有着破碎的家庭，犹豫或坚定，追求自己的方式，或者胆怯地默认而内心却在反抗。
In these schools you are free, and all the disturbances of your young lives come into play. You want your way and no one in the world can have his way. You have to understand this very seriously - you cannot have your own way. Either you learn to adjust with understanding, with reason, or you are broken by the new environment you have entered. It is very important to understand this.
在这些学校里你是自由的，你年轻生命的所有扰乱都开始活跃。你想要属于自己的方式，但是世界上没有人能够拥有自己的方式。你必须非常真切地理解这一点，你不可能拥有你自己的方式。要么你学会通过了解和理智去适应，要么你被新的环境制服。理解这一点是非常重要的。
In these schools the educators carefully explain and you can discuss with them, have a dialogue, and see why certain things have to be done. When one lives in a small community of teachers and students it is necessary that they have a good relationship with each other, friendly, affectionate, and with a certain quality of attentive comprehension. No one, especially nowadays, living in a free society likes rules, and rules become totally unnecessary when you and the grown-up educator understand, not only verbally and intellectually but with your heart, that certain disciplines are necessary. The word discipline has been ruined by the authoritarians. Each craft has its own discipline, its own skill. The word discipline comes from the word disciple - to learn; not conform, not rebel, but to learn about your own reactions, your own background, their limitation, and to go beyond them.
在这些学校里，教育者会耐心地讲解，你能够和他们讨论、对话，看看为什么有些事情需要去做。当你生活在一个由教师和学生组成的小型团体中，你们之间有一种和睦、友爱的良好关系以及敏锐的相互理解是必要的。没有人喜欢规则，特别是在一个今天的自由社会中，但是当你和成年教师理解到，不只是在口头和理智上，而是用你们的心理解到——某些纪律是必需的，规则才会变得完全没有必要。纪律这个词已经被权威们破坏了。每一种职业都有它自身的纪律和技巧。纪律这个词来源于“弟子”，它的意思是学习。是学习，不是遵守，不是反抗，而是了解你自己的反应和背景，它们怎样限制了你，以及如何超越它们。
The essence of learning is constant movement without a fixed point. If its point becomes your prejudice, your opinions and conclusions and you start from this handicap, then you cease to learn. Learning is infinite. The mind that is constantly learning is beyond all knowledge. So you are here to learn as well as to communicate.
学习的实质是没有固定点的持续运动。如果这个点成了你的成见、你的看法和结论，而你从这个障碍出发，那么你就终止了学习。学习是无止境的，持续在学习的心超越了所有的知识。所以你是在这里学习，和交流。
Communication is not only the exchange of words, however articulate and clear those words may be; it is much deeper than that. Communication is learning from each other, understanding each other, and this comes to an end when you have taken a definite stand about some trivial or not fully thought-out act.
交流不只是语言的交换，无论他们的表述有多么地清楚明白，它比那深入得多。交流就是相互学习，相互理解。而当你对某些琐碎的或没完全想清楚的行动采取了一个确定立场的时候，交流就终止了。
When one is young there is an urge to conform, not to feel out of it; to learn the nature and implication of conformity brings its own peculiar discipline. Please always bear in mind when we use that word that both the student and the educator are in a relationship of learning, not assertion and acceptance. When this is clearly understood rules become unnecessary. When this is not clear, then rules have to be made. You may revolt against rules, against being told what to do or not to do, but when you quickly understand the nature of learning, rules will disappear altogether. It is only the obstinate the self-assertive,who bring about rules;thou shalt and thou shalt not.
当你年轻的时候，你会有一种去适应的冲动，以便不脱离你的环境。了解适应的本质和内涵会带来它自己特有的纪律。请记住，当我们使用纪律这个词的时候，学生和教育者双方都处在一种学习的关系中，而不是坚持和接受。当这一点被清楚地理解，规则就变得不必要了。当这点还不清楚，那么规则不得不被制定。你或许会反抗规则，反抗别人要求你做什么或不做什么，但是当你很快理解了学习的本质，规则就会全部消失。是那些顽固的、自我坚持的人带来了规则——你应该如何，你不应该如何。
Learning is not born out of curiosity. You may be curious about sex: that curiosity is based on pleasure, on some kind of excitement, on the attitudes of others. The same applies to drink, drugs, smoking. Learning is far deeper and more extensive. You learn about the universe not out of pleasure or curiosity but out of your relationship to the world. We have divided learning into separate categories depending on the demands of society or your own personal inclination.
We are not talking of learning about something, but the quality of the mind that is willing to learn. You can learn how to become a good carpenter or a gardener or an engineer, and when you have acquired the skill in these you have narrowed down your mind into a tool that can function perhaps skilfully in a certain pattern. This is what is called learning. This gives a certain security financially and perhaps that is all one wants, and so we create a society which provides what we have asked of it. But when there is this extra quality of learning not about something, then you have a mind and, of course,a heart that are timelessly alive.
学习不是出于好奇。你或许对性好奇，那种好奇是基于快感，基于某种兴奋，基于别人的态度。这也适用于饮酒、吸毒和抽烟。而学习要远为深入和广阔。你学习宇宙万物并不是因为快感或好奇，而是因为你和世界的关系。我们根据社会的需要或个人的爱好，将学习划分为不同的种类。我们不是在谈学习什么，而是那种乐于学习的内心品质。你可能会学习如何成为一个好木匠，一个园丁或一个工程师，当你熟练掌握了这些技术，你就使自己的心狭隘化，成了一个能够以某种模式娴熟运作的工具。这就是通常所说的学习，它提供了某种经济上的安全，也许那就是你想要的一切，所以我们创造了一个满足我们需求的社会。但是有了这种特别的学习品质——它并不是强调要学什么，那么你就拥有了这样的一个头脑和这样的一颗心——它拥有无限的活力。
Discipline is not control or subjugation. Learning implies attention, that is to be diligent. It is only the negligent mind that is never learning. It is forcing itself to accept when it is shallow, careless, indifferent. A diligent mind is actively watching, observing, never sinking into secondhand values and beliefs. A mind that is learning is a free mind and freedom demands the responsibility of learning. The mind that is caught in self-opinion, entrenched in some knowledge, may demand freedom, but what it means by freedom is the expression of its own personal attitudes and conclusions, and when this is thwarted it cries for self-fulfilment. Freedom has no sense of fulfilment:it is free.
纪律不是控制或征服。学习意味着注意，也就是勤奋。懈怠的心从来不会学习，如果它是肤浅、冷漠和平庸的，它只是在强迫自己接受。一颗勤奋的心是在活跃地注视、观察，永远不会陷入二手的价值和信仰。一颗处在学习之中的心是一颗自由的心，而自由需要学习的责任。陷入自身观点，固守某种知识的心或许会要求自由，但是这个自由的意思是表达自己个人化的态度和结论——当它受到阻挠的时候，它就会迫切要求满足自己。自由没有满足的感觉。它是自由的。
So when you come to these schools, or to any school in fact, there must be this gentle quality of learning and with it goes a great sense of affection. When you are really deeply affectionate you are learning.
因此当你来到这些学校，或者去任何学校的时候，都需要这种柔和的学习品质，并伴随一种巨大的热情。当你真正充满了深情，你就是在学习。
绿草园翻译工作室
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