THE URGENCY OF CHANGE 'BEAUTY AND THE ARTIST'
《转变的紧迫性》之“美与艺术家”
Questioner: I wonder what an artist is? There on the banks of the Ganges, in a dark little room, a man sits weaving a most beautiful sari in silk and gold, and in Paris in his atelier another man is painting a picture which he hopes will bring him fame. Somewhere there is a writer cunningly spinning out stories stating the old, old problem of man and woman; then there is the scientist in his laboratory and the technician putting together a million parts so that a rocket may go to the moon. And in India a musician is living a life of great austerity in order to transmit faithfully the distilled beauty of his music. There is the housewife preparing a meal, and the poet walking alone in the woods. Aren't these all artists in their own way? I feel that beauty is in the hands of everybody, but they don't know it. The man who makes beautiful clothes or excellent shoes, the woman who arranged those flowers on your table, all of them seem to work with beauty. I often wonder why it is that the painter, the sculptor, the composer, the writer - the so-called creative artists - have such extraordinary importance in this world and not the shoemaker or the cook. Aren't they creative too? When you consider all the varieties of expression which people consider beautiful, then what place has a true artist in life, and who is the true artist? It is said that beauty is the very essence of all life. Is that building over there, which is considered to be so beautiful, the expression of that essence? I should greatly appreciate it if you would go into this whole question of beauty and the artist.
发问者：我想知道艺术家是什么？在恒河岸边的一个小黑屋子里，一个人坐着用丝线和金线织出一件极其漂亮的纱丽，而在巴黎，另一个人在他的画室里画出一幅画，希望藉此获得美名。在某个地方有个作家在巧妙地编写故事，讲述男人和女人之间那非常非常古老的问题；还有在自己实验室里的科学家，以及在组装无数个零件的技术人员，那样火箭或许就能登月了。在印度，一个音乐家在过一种极其简朴的生活，为了能忠实地传达他音乐中那升华出来的美。还有在准备饭菜的家庭主妇，和在林中独行的诗人。这些人难道不都是有他们自己方式的艺术家吗？我觉得美在每个人的手中，但是他们不知道这点。制作出漂亮的衣服或者极好的鞋子的男人，在你的桌子上摆放那些鲜花的女人，他们所有人似乎都在与美一起工作。我常常纳闷，为什么那些画家，雕塑家，作曲家，作家——所谓创造性的艺术家——在这个世界上拥有如此非凡的重要性，而鞋匠或者厨师就没有。他们难道不也具有创造力吗？如果你把人们认为美的所有表现形式都考虑进来的话，那么一个真正的艺术家在生活中有怎样的位置，谁又是真正的艺术家？有人说美是所有生命的最核心之处。那边的那栋楼，被认为非常漂亮，它是那核心的表现吗？如果你能深入这整个关于美和艺术家的问题，我将不胜感激。
Krishnamurti: Surely the artist is one who is skilled in action? This action is in life and not outside of life. Therefore if it is living skilfully that truly makes an artist. This skill can operate for a few hours in the day when he is playing an instrument, writing poems or painting pictures, or it can operate a bit more if he is skilled in many such fragments - like those great men of the Renaissance who worked in several different media. But the few hours of music or writing may contradict the rest of his living which is in disorder and confusion. So is such a man an artist at all? The man who plays the violin with artistry and keeps his eye on his fame isn't interested in the violin, he is only exploiting it to be famous, the "me" is far more important than the music, and so it is with the writer or the painter with an eye on fame. The musician identifies his "me" with what he considers to be beautiful music, and the religious man identifies his "me" with what he considers to be the sublime. All these are skilled in their particular little fields but the rest of the vast field of life is disregarded. So we have to find out what is skill in action, in living, not only in painting or in writing or in technology, but how one can live the whole of life with skill and beauty. Are skill and beauty the same? Can a human being - whether he be an artist or not - live the whole of his life with skill and beauty? Living is action and when that action breeds sorrow it ceases to be skilful. So can a man live without sorrow, without friction, without jealousy and greed, without conflict of any kind? The issue is not who is an artist and who is not an artist but whether a human being, you or another, can live without torture and distortion. Of course it is profane to belittle great music, great sculpture, great poetry or dancing, or to sneer at it; that is to be unskilled in one's own life. But the artistry and beauty which is skill in action should operate throughout the day, not just during a few hours of the day. This is the real challenge, not just playing the piano beautifully. You must play it beautifully if you touch it at all, but that is not enough. It is like cultivating a small corner of a huge field. We are concerned with the whole field and that field is life. What we always do is to neglect the whole field and concentrate on fragments, our own or other people's. Artistry is to be completely awake and therefore to be skilful in action in the whole of life, and this is beauty.
克：擅长行动的人当然就是艺术家？这行动是生活里的，并不在生活之外。因此，如果娴熟地生活，那就真正地造就了一个艺术家。如果他演奏某种乐器，写诗，或者画画，这技艺就在一天中运作几个小时，如果他在很多这样的细碎领域都很擅长，这种技艺就能多运作一会——就像文艺复兴时期的那些伟人，在很多媒质上都能创作。但是搞音乐或者写作的几个小时，也许会和他生活的其他方面相冲突，他生活在失序和困惑中。那么究竟有艺术家这样的人吗？一个人技艺高超地演奏小提琴，同时眼睛紧盯自己的名声，他其实对小提琴并不感兴趣，他只是利用它来成名，“我”比音乐重要多了，着眼于名声的作家或者画家也是一样。音乐家把他的“自我”与他认为的美妙音乐认同在一起，宗教人士把他的“自我”与他认为至高无上的东西认同在一起。所有这些人都在他们特定的小小领域很擅长，却无视生活其他方面的广阔领域。所以我们得去发现行动中，生活中的技艺是什么，而不只是在绘画中、写作中或者技术中的技艺，而是一个人要怎样以技巧和美来过一种完整的生活。技巧和美是一样的吗？一个人能不能——不管他是不是艺术家——以技巧和美来过他完整的生活？生活是行动，当那行动滋生出悲伤，它就不再是技巧娴熟的了。所以，一个人能不能没有悲伤，没有摩擦，没有嫉妒和贪婪，没有任何冲突地生活？这个问题不是谁是艺术家谁不是艺术家，而是一个人能不能，你或者别人，能不能没有折磨和扭曲地生活。当然，贬低或者嘲笑伟大的音乐，伟大的雕塑，伟大的诗歌或者舞蹈，是种不敬；那是一个人不擅长过自己的生活。但是，艺术和美，也就是行动中的技巧，应该整天都在运作，而不是一天只运作几个小时。这是真正的挑战，而不只是动听地弹奏钢琴。如果你接触了钢琴，你就必须动听地弹奏，但是这还不够。这就像只耕作一大片土地中的一个小角落。我们关心的是整片土地，这片土地就是生活。我们总是忽略整个领域，只专注于我们自己的或者别人的那些碎片。艺术即是完全的觉醒，进而在整个生活中擅长行动，而这就是美。
Questioner: What about the factory worker or the office employee? Is he an artist? Doesn't his work preclude skill in action and so deaden him that he has no skill in anything else either? Is he not conditioned by his work?
发问者：那工厂的工人或者办公室雇员呢？他是艺术家吗？难道他的工作不正妨碍了行动的技巧，如此压抑他以致于他在其他任何事情上都不擅长？他难道不是被他的工作局限了吗？
Krishnamurti: Of course he is. But if he wakes up he will either leave his work or so transform it that it becomes artistry. What is important is not the work but the waking up to the work. What is important is not the conditioning of the work but to wake up.
克：他当然如此。但是如果他觉醒了，他要么会离开他的工作，要么把它变成一门艺术。重要的不是工作，而是对工作醒觉过来。重要的不是工作的局限，而是觉醒。
Questioner: What do you mean, wake up?
发问者：你说的觉醒是什么意思？
Krishnamurti: Are you awakened only by circumstances, by challenges, by some disaster or joy? Or is there a state of being awake without any cause? If you are awakened by an event, a cause, then you depend on it, and when you any dependence is the end of skill, the end of artistry.
克：你是不是只因为环境，因为挑战，因为某种灾难或者快乐才会醒来？还是有一种觉醒的状态不需要任何原因？如果你因为一件事，一个原因醒来，那么你就会依赖它，如果你有任何依赖，技巧就结束了，艺术就结束了。
Questioner: What is this other awakened state that has no cause? You are talking about a state in which there is neither a cause nor an effect. Can there be a state of mind that is not the result of some cause? I don't understand that because surely everything we think and everything we are is the result of a cause? There is the endless chain of cause and effect.
发问者：这另一种没有原因的觉醒状态是什么？你说的是一种既没有原因也没有结果的状态。能有一种不是某种原因的结果的心智状态吗？我不明白，是不是因为我们思考的所有事情，我们所是的一切，必然都是某个原因的结果？因果的链条无休无止。
Krishnamurti: This chain of cause and effect is endless because the effect becomes the cause and the cause begets further effects, and so on.
克：因果的链条无休无止，那是因为果会变成因，因又导致更多的果，如此往复。
Questioner: Then what action is there outside this chain?
发问者：那么在这链条之外的行动是什么？
Krishnamurti: All we know is action with a cause, a motive, action which is a result. All action is in relationship. If relationship is based on cause it is cunning adaptation, and therefore inevitably leads to another form of dullness. Love is the only thing that is causeless, that is free; it is beauty, it is skill, it is art. Without love there is no art. When the artist is playing beautifully there is no "me; there is love and beauty, and this is art. This is skill in action. Skill in action is the absence of the "me". Art is the absence of the "me". But when you neglect the whole field of life and concentrate only on a little part - however much the "me" may then be absent, you are still living unskilfully and therefore you are not an artist of life. The absence of "me" in living is love and beauty, which brings its own skill. This is the greatest art: living skilfully in the whole field of Life.
克：我们所有知道的，只是有原因，有动机的行动，这行动是个结果。所有的行动都处于关系中。如果关系基于原因，那它就是狡猾的调整，因而不可避免地会导致另一种形式的迟钝。爱是唯一没有原因的东西，那是自由的；那是美，是技巧，是艺术。没有爱就没有艺术。当艺术家动听演奏的时候，没有“我”；只有爱和美，这是艺术。这就是行动的技巧。行动的技巧是“我”的缺席。艺术是“我”的缺席。但是当你忽略了生命的整个领域，只集中于一小部分的时候——不管那时“我”如何不在，你还是没有技艺娴熟地生活着，因而你不是生活的艺术家。在生活中“我”的缺席，就是爱和美，这会带来它自己的技巧。这是最伟大的艺术：在整个生命的领域里技艺娴熟地生活。
Questioner: Oh Lord! How am I to do that? I see it and feel it in my heart but how can I maintain it?
发问者：哦天哪！我要怎样做到这点？我看到了这点，内心也感受到了，但是我要如何保持它？
Krishnamurti: There is no way to maintain it, there is no way to nourish it, there is no practising of it; there is only the seeing of it. Seeing is the greatest of all skills.
克：没有办法保持它，没有办法滋养它，没有办法练习它；只有看清这点。看清，是所有技艺中最伟大的。 |
发表于 2010-4-1 21:43
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发表于 2010-4-20 20:04
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