教育就是去打破模式
Education is to break down patterns
Co-operation and aggression can never go together. Co-operation is an absolute necessity in a world which is so splintered by national and religious beliefs, economic differences and intellectual over- and under- development. There is a certain kind of co- operation in very close relationships, as [in the family, but beyond that there are always differences of opinion, inclinations and knowledge. These differences become intensified through ambition and envy, and this obviously prevents co-operation.
合作和攻击永远无法走到一起。国家的信仰和宗教的信仰，经济上的差异以及智力发展的不均衡使得这个世界支离破碎，在这样一个世界里合作是绝对必要的。在非常亲密的关系里，如在家庭里，某种类型的合作是存在的，但除此之外，意见，喜好和知识的分歧却一直存在。野心和嫉妒加强了这些分歧，而这显然是有碍于合作的。
Traditionally, co-operation meant working together for an ideology or around a dominant individual or for some Utopian ideal, but such co-operation ceases or disintegrates when the individual or the ideology disappears. This is the pattern man has followed, hoping to bring about a different condition in the world, or for his own personal profit. Working together for an end, with each individual having his own motive for the achievement of that end, must inevitably breed conflict. Such working together is for a concept and not a factual necessity. Working together ceases to be a formula when there is not only understanding of the necessity but also when there is that relationship which comes with love. This relationship is denied when there is aggression. Man, by nature, is aggressive; this aggression comes from the animal. This aggressiveness, this violence, is encouraged in the family, in education, in the business world and in religious structures.
传统意义上的合作指的是为了一个意识形态或围绕着一个支配性的人物或者某种乌托邦的理想而一起工作，但是这样一种合作会随着这个人物或意识形态的消失而破裂或终止。这就是人们所遵循的模式，希望能给这个世界带来不同的情形, 或是为他个人的利益。为了一个结果而共同工作，而每个个体对于达成那个结果的动机又各不相同，这必然会导致冲突。这样的合作只是为了一个观念而不是实际的需要。只有当我们懂得了这种需要并且有了由爱所产生的那种关系的时候，合作才不只是一个公式。而当有攻击在时,，这种关系便被否定了。人，天生便具有攻击性；这种攻击性来源于动物。而这种攻击性，这种暴力，在家庭中，在教育里，在商业社会和宗教组织里，都是被鼓励的。
Aggression takes the form of ambition, which again is encouraged and respected. Aggression is violence, and to counteract this violence which is so prominent in the world, various forms of ideology have been developed; but this only helps to avoid the actual fact of violence. Violence is not only on the battlefield but it is anger, hate and envy. It is the envy that makes us competitive, which again is a very highly respected thing in society, the very structure of which is based on violence.
攻击性以雄心壮志的面貌出现，这同样也是受到鼓励和尊敬的。攻击即是暴力，而为了制衡世上这种如此张扬的暴力，人们发展了各种形式的意识形态；但这仅仅是在帮助回避暴力这个真正的事实。暴力不止是在战场上，它也是愤怒，憎恨和嫉妒。是嫉妒使我们彼此竞争，而社会对此却极为尊崇， 但竞争的构成恰恰是基于暴力的。
Most of us can see the pattern of all this at least intellectually, but what makes us act is not an intellectual grasp but seeing the very truth of the matter. Seeing the truth is the only liberating factor, not all the intellectual argu¬ments, the emotional adjustments or mere rationalizations. To see is to act, and that action is not the outcome of ideation.
Co-operation must exist, and it cannot possibly exist when each individual is in competition with other human beings and is pursuing his own fulfilment, in order to co¬operate there can be no such thing as individual, family or national fulfilment, for this fulfilment emphasizes separation, denying co-operation. When you see all this, not as a descriptive idea but as a danger to the total well-being of mankind, then that very seeing brings an action that will be non-aggressive and so co-operative. To see is to love and a man who loves is in a state of co-operation. Understanding co-operation, he will also see when not to co-operate.
我们当中的大多数人都能够看到，至少在理智上能够看到，所有这一切的模式，但是使我们“行动”起来的不是一种智力上的把握，而是要看到这件事的真相。看到真相是唯一的解脱的要素，而不是所有那些理智上的论述，情感上的变化或者是纯粹的合理化。看到就是行动，而这个行动不是思维的产物。
合作必须存在，而当每一个个体与他人相竞争，并追逐自我成就时，合作是不可能存在的。为了合作，就不能有诸如个人，家庭或国家的成就这类东西，因为这种成就强调了分离，否定了合作。当你看到所有这些，不是把它作为一种描述性的想法，而是对于全人类幸福的一种威胁，那么那个真正的看见就会带来一种行动，它将是非侵略性的也因此是合作性的。看见就是爱，而一个有爱的人就处在合作的状态里。理解了合作，他也会知道什么时候不去合作。
In the fullness of co-operation, goodness, which is not sentimentality, can flower. It is authority that destroys co-operation, for love cannot possibly exist where there is authority. We have lived so long in the accepted patterns of life that it has become traditional, and freedom, love and co-operation have lost their fundamental meanings. Educa¬tion is to break down these patterns. In the very breaking down of them is the seeing of the truth of the new.
在合作的充盈里，善，它不是一种多愁善感，便会绽放。是权威摧毁了合作，因为有权威时，爱便不可能存在。我们在所认可的模式里生活得太久了，以至于它已经成为一种传统，而自由，爱与合作也已经失去了它们的根本意义。教育就是要去打破这些模式。这个打破本身正是对生生不息的真理的领悟。
绿草园翻译工作室 |
发表于 2010-8-15 21:24
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